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Despite the potential impact of rising global CO 2  levels, only a limited number of studies have been conducted on the effects of ambient and elevated CO 2  on plants having Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM). To our knowledge, there are no studies for pineapple [ Ananas comosus  (L.) Merr.], the most commercially important CAM plant. Pineapple plants were grown at CO 2  levels of ≈330 (ambient) and ≈730 (elevated) μmol·mol -1  in open-top chambers for 4 months. The mean air temperature in the chambers was ≈39 °C day/24 °C night. Average plant dry mass at harvest was 180 g per plant at elevated CO 2  and 146 g per plant at ambient CO 2 . More biomass was partitioned to stem and root but less to leaf for plants grown at elevated CO 2 ; leaf thickness was 11% greater at elevated than at ambient CO 2 . The diurnal difference in leaf titratable acidity (H + ) at elevated CO 2  reached 347 mmol·m -2 , which was up to 42% greater than levels in plants grown in ambient CO 2 . Carbon isotopic discrimination (Δ) of plants was 3.75% at ambient CO 2  and 3.17% at elevated CO 2 , indicating that CO 2  uptake via the CAM pathway was enhanced more by elevated CO 2  than uptake via the C 3  pathway. The nonphotochemical quenching coefficient (q N ) of leaves was ≈45% lower in the early morning for plants grown at elevated than at ambient CO 2 , while afternoon values were comparable. The q N  data suggested that the fixation of external CO 2  was enhanced by elevated CO 2  in the morning but not in the afternoon when leaf temperature was ≥40 °C. We found no effect of CO 2  levels on leaf N or chlorophyll content. Pineapple dry matter gain was enhanced by elevated CO 2 , mainly due to increased CO 2  dark fixation in environments with day temperatures high enough to suppress C 3  photosynthesis.

Effect of Elevated Carbon Dioxide on the Growth and Physiological Responses of Pineapple, A Species with Crassulacean Acid Metabolism