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The structure of 1-year-old trunks resulting from sylleptic branching are compared among apple ( Malus domestica  Borkh) cultivars with diverse branching and fruiting habits. The 1-year-old trunks developing from a graft are described as a succession of metamers whose structure refers to location, distribution, and length of sylleptic axillary shoots. We used a stochastic process called hidden semi-Markov chain to capture the embedded structure resulting from mixing of different types of axillary shoots developing along the trunks. The models, corresponding to the different cultivars, are composed of a first transient nonbranched state, a succession of transient states that cover the median sylleptic branching zone, and a final absorbing nonbranched state. They are interpreted with regard to complexity, extent, and branching distribution of the median sylleptic zone. Main results deal with the balance between long and short sylleptic shoots and the distribution of long sylleptic shoots along the trunks. Results suggest that sylleptic branching could be used as an early characteristic to evaluate the later branching behavior of cultivars.

Modeling the Sylleptic Branching on One-year-old Trunks of Apple Cultivars