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Additional index words. Lycopersicon esculentum, citrate, fruit, greenhouse, hydroponics, malate, nutrient film technique, plant nutrition, salt-stress, water relations Abstract. Commercial recommendations exist for using short-term salt-shocks on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) to improve fruit quality. Six experiments were conducted to 1) assess the influence of nutrient concentration and short-term salt-shocks on fruit quality and yield and 2) identify a vegetative predictor of subsequent fruit quality. The first objective was addressed in three nutrient film technique (NFT) experiments (Expts. 1-3). Four treatments were applied: two maintained constant at two baseline concentrations (0.25X and 1X-commercial level) and two provided salt-shock periods of 30 min, twice daily. There were no effects of baseline concentration or salt-shocks on total number and weight of marketable fruit. Fruit quality was better at the 1X baseline concentration as observed by higher titratable acidity (Expt. 2), higher percent dry matter (Expts. 2 and 3), higher soluble solids concentration (Expt. 2), and lower pH (Expts. 2 and 3), however, weight per marketable fruit was lower (Expt. 2). Salt-shocks had little effect on fruit quality, refuting its commercial potential. Salt-shocks decreased fruit pH (Expts. 1 and 3). However, titratable acidity increased at the 0.25X level and decreased at the 1X level (Expt. 3). In Expt. 2, but not in Expt. 3, citrate concentration in the fifth leaf from the apex of young vegetative plants was correlated with subsequent fruit quality. Three additional experiments in static hydroponics with vegetative plants showed no signif- icant differences in leaf citrate levels due to a single, short-term salt-shock. Thus, citrate is not a good predictor of fruit quality. Plants and other organisms adapt to reduced water availabil- ity, caused by salinity, drought, and extreme temperatures, through osmoregulation. Various C compounds (soluble carbohydrates, organic acids, polyols), nitrogenous compounds (amino acids, tertiary nitrogenous compounds), and inorganic ions accumulate under stress conditions (Rains and Valentine, 1980). Increases in some of these compounds, such as sugars and organic acids, improve tomato fruit quality (Davies and Hobson, 1981). Increased fertilizer or nonfertilizer salt concentrations in the root media for extended periods has been reported to improve tomato fruit quality in field culture (Mitchell et al., 1991; Mizrahi and Pasternak, 1985), sand culture (Mizrahi et al., 1988), static hydroponics (Mizrahi, 1982; Mizrahi et al., 1986), and NFT (Gough and Hobson, 1990; Massey et al., 1984). Although salt- stress has been shown to improve fruit quality, yield is often reduced (Adams and Ho, 1989; Mizrahi and Pasternak, 1985; Massey et al., 1984). To minimize this problem, hydroponic growers are sometimes advised to vary salt levels with devel- opmental stages. A technical bulletin (ICI Midox, n.d.) rec- ommends increasing the electrical conductivity (EC) of the nutrient solution from 1.5 to 2.0 mS·cm -1 to 3 to 5 mS·cm -1 , in 0.5

Short-term Salt-shock Effects on Tomato Fruit Quality, Yield, and Vegetative Prediction of Subsequent Fruit Quality