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The physiological responses associated with chilling of horticultural ly mature cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) fruit were examined using 13 lines that differ in chilling sensitivity. The low correlation coefficient between pitting and decay suggested that these two early manifestations of chilling injury are not significantly related. Likewise, fruit pitting and decay were not highly correlated with the tolerance of seedlings to chilling, suggesting that fruit and seedlings of the same line may have dissimilar sensitivity to chilling temperatures. Exudates from fruit cut in half transversely were collected on filter paper. The amount of exudate showed a significant correlation with pitting, decay, and percent ion leakage after 10 days of chilling. The fresh and dry weight of the exudates from fruit kept for 8 days at 12.5C ranged from 141- to 346-mg fresh weight and from 15 to 47-mg dry weight, respectively. Cucumber lines that were more sensitive to chilling had watery exudate, as indicated by their lower dry weight and percent solids. The conductivity of exudates from sensitive lines was higher (60 µsiemen/cm) than from chilling resistant lines (30 µsiemen/cm). Chilling-induced ethylene production was higher in sensitive than in resistant lines, and chilling caused a greater loss of ethylene forming enzyme activity in resistant lines than from chilling sensitive lines. Chilling injury is an economically important postharvest problem that reduces the overall quality and marketability of many harvested fruits and vegetables indigenous to the tropics and subtropics (Couey, 1982; Lyons, 1973; Saltveit and Mor- ris, 1990). Sensitivity to chilling injury varies among species of Passiflora (Patterson et al., 1976) and Lycopersicon (Paull, 1981), among cultivars of avocados (Persea americana Mill.; Hatton et al., 1965), cucumbers (Jasim and Marr, 1989), pa- payas (Carica papaya L. ; Chen and Paull, 1986), tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.; Burgis, 1970; King and Ludford, 1983), and watermelons (Citrullus lunatus L.; Risse et al., 1990). Chilled cucumbers exhibit reduced shelf life characterized by accelerated water loss, surface pitting, and increased sus- ceptibility to disease (Eaks and Morris, 1956, 1957; Ryall and Lipton, 1979). A significant increase in solute leakage was observed from mesocarp tissue excised from cucumbers exposed to chilling temperatures (Cabrera and Saltveit, 1990; Tatsumi and Murata, 1978; Tatsumi et al., 1981). Jasim and Marr (1989) observed that leakage of Mg+ and K+ was greater in sensitive than in resistant cultivars of cucumbers after 20 days at 4.4C. Surface pitting developed on 'Poinsett 76' fruit that were exposed to 2.5C for > 3 days (Cabrera and Saltveit, 1990). Similar results were observed by Jasim and Marr (1989) in resistant cultivars, (e.g., 'Dasher II' and 'Universal'), but not in sensitive cultivars, (e.g., 'Monarch' and 'Sweet Slice'), which showed slight pitting after the fruit were exposed to 4.4C for 3 days. The objectives of this present study were to characterize the physiological responses of fruit from various cucumber cultivars to chilling temperatures, and to correlate these changes with subjective evaluations of chilling injury in those fruit.

Cucumber Cultivars Differ in Their Response to Chilling Temperatures