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Shoot and root growth were measured on Chinese juniper ( Juniperus chinensis L. 'Torulosa', 'Sylvestris', 'Pfitzeriana', and 'Hetzii') 1, 2, and 3 years after planting from 1l-liter black plastic containers. Mean diameter of the root system expanded quadratically, whereas mean branch spread increased linearly. Three years after planting, root spread was 2.75 times branch spread, and roots covered an area 5.5 times that covered by the branches. Percentage of total root length located within the dripline of the plants remained fairly constant for each cultivar during the 3 years following planting. Root length density increased over time but decreased with distance from the trunk. During the first 2 years after planting, shoot mass increased faster than root mass. In the 3rd year, the root system increased in mass at a faster rate than the shoots. Root length was correlated with root weight. Root spread and root area were correlated with trunk cross-sectional area, branch spread, and crown area. Root system morphology can influence survival, stability, growth, and transplantability of trees (Van Eerden and King- horn, 1978). The root system that develops on seeded-in-pla ce trees is a function of seedling genotype and soil characteristics, such as texture, compaction, fertility, depth to the water table, soil moisture content, and soil insect activity (Gilman, 1990a). Root morphology on planted trees is also influenced by nursery production practices, tree age at planting, planting method, and postplanting cultural practices (Preisig et al., 1979). Root growth extends beyond the dripline in forest trees in a closed-canopy stand (Stout, 1956) or in a forest clearing (Hodg- kins and Nichols, 1977). On nursery-grown trees, root spread : branch spread ratio was species-dependent, ranging from 1.7 to 3.7 times the dripline for green ash (Fraixinus pennsylvanica Marsh.) and southern magnolia (Magnolia grandiflora L.), re- spectively. Roots on orchard-grown pear (Pyrus spp. L.) and apple (Malus spp. Mill.) also extended two to three times the distance from the trunk to the branch dripline (Rogers, 1933; Rogers and Vyvyan, 1934). Frequently, roots on established trees extend to encompass a roughly circular area four to seven times the area beneath the branches (Stout, 1956), with a di- ameter of one, two, or more times the height of the tree (Bushey, 1937) or shrub (Gilman, 1989). Roots growing farthest from the trunk are consistently found near the soil surface. The deep- est roots are found closer to the trunk (Bushey, 1937). Sixty percent of 8-year-old Colorado blue spruce (Picea pun- gens Engelm.) root surface area and dry weight was outside of the dripline (Watson and Syndor, 1987). Five-year-old honey locust (Gleditsia triacanthos L.), green ash, and poplar (Pop- ulus ×generosa A. Henry) had 59%, 54%, and 77%, respec- tively, of total root length outside of the dripline (Gilman, 1988a). Percentage of total root length within the dripline was correlated with the plant height : crown spread ratio on Chinese juniper 1 year after planting (Gilman, 1989). Previous root excavations have been conducted at one time only or over time for only a short period (Blessing and Dana, 1988). Growth ring analysis showed that lateral roots on red maple (Acer rubrum L.) increased in length at 45 to 135 cm·year -1

Growth Dynamics following Planting of Cultivars of Juniperus chinensis