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Thirty-one spathiphyllum (Spathiphyllum Schott.) cultivars were evaluated for flowering response following treatment with gibberellic acid (GA3). Greenhouse-grown plants were treated once with 250 mg·L–1 (ppm) GA3 applied as a foliar spray. Within 16 weeks after treatment all GA3-treated plants had flowered but none of the untreated controls produced flowers. ‘Vickilynn’ (14.1 flowers/plant after 16 weeks), ‘Piccolino’ (12.8), ‘Mascha’ (12.6), ‘Chris’ (11.7), ‘Alpha’ (11.7), and ‘Daniel’ (11.0) produced significantly more flowers than other cultivars. The cultivars producing the fewest flowers per plant after 16 weeks were ‘Sierra’ (2.5), ‘S1008’ (3.2), ‘Rica’ (3.4), ‘Sonya’ (4.3), ‘Vanessa’ (5.1), ‘S18’ perimental (numbered) cultivars, were selected for this study (Table 1). Tissue-cultured plants were obtained from Agri-Starts Inc. (Apopka, Fla.), Milestone Agriculture Inc. (Apopka, Fla.), Oglesby Plant Labs Inc. (Altha, Fla.), Phoenix Foliage, Inc. (Winter Garden, Fla.), and Twyford Plant Labs Inc. (Sebring, Fla.). Plants were obtained as rooted liners growing in 10 × 20-inch (25 × 51-cm) 72-celled [each cell 30 mL (1.0 fl oz) in volume] plastic trays (1 tray of each cultivar). On 15 May 1997, 40 uniform liners of each cultivar were potted into 1.9-L (0.5-gal) pots filled with VerGro Container Mix A (Verlite Co., Tampa, Fla.). Plants were grown in a shaded greenhouse with a maximum photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) of 250 μmol·m–2·s–1 under natural photoperiod with high and low temperature set points of 35 and 18 ± 2 °C (95 and 64 ± 4 °F). Twenty plants of each cultivar (620 total) were grown in a shaded glass greenhouse arranged in a randomized block design with each pot being the experimental unit. All plants were fertilized with 5 g (0.18 oz) 17N–2.6P–10K slow release fertilizer (Sierra Blend 17N–6P2O5–12K2O; Sierra Chemical Co., Milpitas, Calif.) on 21 May and with an additional 2.5 g (0.09 oz) of the same fertilizer on 30 June. At 12 weeks after potting (13 Aug.), 10 plants of each cultivar were treated with 250 mg·L–1 (ppm) GA3 to induce flowering. Treatment consisted of applying 100 mL (3.4 fl oz) of the GA3 solution over 10 plants (2.5 mg/ plant, a.i.) as evenly as possible. At the same time ten additional plants of each cultivar were sprayed with water to serve as controls. Tween 20 (2 drops/ 100 mL) was used as a wetting agent for both treated and control plants. Weekly counts of newly open flowers were taken for 16 weeks after treatment on both GA3-treated and untreated plants. Flowers were considered open when the spathe was unfurled enough to expose the entire spadix. Flower quality was evaluated on a visual scale of 1 to 5, where 1 = poor (50% to 100% deformed flowers), 2 = fair (25% to 49%), 3 = acceptable (11% to 24%), 4 = good (1% to 10%), and 5 = excellent (0% deformed flowers). At the end of the experiment, weekly flowering data were used to determine the 2-week period that yielded maximum flower production for each cultivar. (5.5) and ‘S4002’ (5.6). ‘Alpha,’ ‘Textura,’ ‘Daniel,’ ‘Mascha,’ ‘S1007’, and ‘Showpiece’ had significantly better flower quality. ‘S1008,’ ‘Codys Color’, and ‘Petite’ had poor flower quality. ‘Mascha’ was the earliest cultivar to bloom producing maximum flower counts during weeks 9 to 10 after treatment while ‘Vanessa’ was the latest to flower with peak bloom occurring 15 to 16 weeks after treatment. Most cultivars reached peak bloom at 11 to 13 weeks after treatment. Results indicate sufficient genetic variability in spathiphyllum flowering response to GA3 treatment exists to permit cultivar selections based on differences in flowering time, number of flowers and flower quality.

Spathiphyllum Cultivars Vary in Flowering Response after Treatment with Gibberellic Acid