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Bell peppers ( Capsicum annuum  L.) are ranked eighth in value for vegetable production in the United States (USDA-NASS, 2019). Due to the high value of bell peppers, disorders such as blossom-end rot (BER) can cause significant losses in yield by up to 35% for growers. BER is the symptom of a calcium (Ca 2+ ) deficiency that may occur during periods of cell expansion when the supply of Ca 2+  may be lower than demand. In this study, we determined the temporal patterns of the fruit Ca 2+ concentration ([Ca 2+ ]) and accumulation in three separate studies under field and greenhouse conditions. In the three experiments, [Ca 2+ ] during fruit development showed varied patterns: it remained constant, decreased transiently during the cell expansion phase, or displayed a more gradual sustained decrease. However, in the three experiments, fruit Ca 2+  accumulation increased during development as fruit size increased. In two experiments, the distal part of the fruit had lower [Ca 2+ ] than the proximal end. However, there was no correlation between [Ca 2+ ] in various fruit sections with BER incidence. Seeds and placental tissue had increased [Ca 2+ ] and several other macro- and micronutrients; this spatial distribution of Ca 2+  coupled with subcellular Ca 2+  distribution should be explored in future studies. The temporal pattern of Ca 2+  accumulation in this study suggests that fruit Ca 2+  uptake continues throughout fruit development. Therefore, Ca 2+  application during bloom and early fruit development may prevent or minimize Ca 2+  deficiency disorders in bell pepper.

Temporal Relationship between Calcium and Fruit Growth and Development in Bell Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)