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Over half of the world’s population lives in an urban setting (Worldwatch Institute, 2007), where ornamental plants provide environments that encourage the presence of wildlife and plant diversity (Damschen et al., 2006) and offer a myriad of social and economic benefits (Lohr et al., 2007; Wolf, 2004). However, continued reduction in limited natural resources worldwide increasingly necessitates novel approaches for the incorporation of low maintenance and low-input plant materials into urban landscapes (Cook, 1996; Dewey et al., 2006). The popularity of ornamental grasses for use in urban landscapes, parks, median strips, parking lot borders, and for erosion control on slopes has increased in recent years (Loram et al., 2008; Wilson and Knox, 2006). Although native and nonnative grasses are considered central to many U.S. urban landscapes (Beard and Green, 1994; Fender, 2006), there is an increasing consumer demand for low-input naturally occurring grass species for various horticultural applications, especially in semiarid regions of the western United States (Dewey et al., 2006; Thetford et al., 2009). In such regions (USDA hardiness zones 3–5; annual precipitation 254–610mm) relatively short-statured (15–30 cm tall) perennial grasses such as little bluestem [Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash], Western wheatgrass [Pascopyrum smithii (Rydb.) A. Love; synom. Agropyron smithii (Rydb). Barkworth & D.R. Dewey], prairie Junegrass [Koeleria macrantha (Ledeb.) Schult.; synom. K. cristata auct.], needle grass [Stipa spartea (Trin.) Barkworth], buffalo grass [Buchloe dactyloides (Nutt.) Engelm.], and blue grama [Bouteloua gracilis (Kunth) Lag. ex Griffiths] are being increasingly used for low-input urban horticultural applications (Wilson, 2011). Drought tolerant, tall-statured (>40 cm tall), western U.S. indigenous grasses with intense multicolored culms and panicles are not commercially available for low-input ornamental applications. The genus Festuca contains about 300 genetically diverse, wideand narrow-leaved perennial, tufted and rhizomatous grass species, of which several possess drought tolerance and have attributes useful for low-input applications (Ruemmele et al., 2003). For instance, some fine-leaved Festuca species [e.g., F. rubra var. commutata Gaud.; F. ovina var. duriuscala (L.) Koch] remain relatively green under high temperatures (e.g., >30 C) and drought conditions, and have been useful for a variety of turf applications (Aronson et al., 1987; Ruemmele et al., 2003). In 1982, the U.S. Natural Resources Conservation Services (NRCS) Bridger Plant Materials Center (BPMC) collected seed from an indigenous fine-leaved Festuca population in a semiarid region near Busby, MT, and designated it FEID 9025897. This population possesses tall-statured genotypes with multicolored stems (Staub et al., 2014) and is the source for the naturally occurring ornamental Festuca germplasms described herein for use in semiarid growing environments.

hortscience

USDA-ARS Multicolored Ornamental Festuca Grass Cultivars “Freedom Fire” ‘Francy’, ‘Vida’, ‘Heidi’, and ‘Kim’ for Low-input Applications in Semiarid Environments