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Anthocyanins are protective pigments that accumulate in plant organs such as fruits and leaves, and are nutritionally valuable components of the human diet. The MYB10 transcription factor (TF) plays an important role in regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis in  Malus  crabapple leaves. However, little is known about how the promoter regulates  McMYB10  expression and influences the substantial variation in leaf anthocyanin accumulation and coloration that is observed in different crabapple cultivars. In this study, we analyzed leaf coloration, anthocyanin levels, and the expression levels of  McMYB10  in the leaves of 15 crabapple cultivars with three leaf colors at various development stages, and showed that the expression of  McMYB10  correlates positively with anthocyanin accumulation. We also examined the relationship between the number of R6 and R1 elements in the  McMYB10  promoters of the different cultivars and the pigmentation of the new buds of spring-red cultivars, as well as the methylation level of the  McMYB10  promoters at different development stages in three representative crabapple cultivars. The ratio of R6/R1 minisatellites in the promoters correlated with the color and anthocyanin accumulation in new crabapple buds, and we concluded that the differences in promoter structure and methylation level of the  McMYB10  promoters coordinately affect the leaf color of crabapple cultivars.

The Structure and Methylation Level of the McMYB10 Promoter Determine the Leaf Color of Malus Crabapple