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Drought is a major constraint to chili production in a variety of cropping systems worldwide. A greenhouse study was conducted to understand mechanisms underlying drought acclimation of leaf gas exchange in two popular chili cultivars, `Big Chili' and `Jalapeno'. Unstressed `Big Chili' had 27% greater net photosynthesis ( P  net ), 60% higher stomatal conductance ( g  w ), and 18% higher transpiration ( E ), but only 3% greater intercellular CO 2  concentration ( C  i ) than `Jalapeno'. Light compensation point was 43.3 and 31.6 μmol·m -2 ·s -1  in `Big Chili' and `Jalapeno', respectively, although light-saturated assimilation ( A  max ) and photosystem II efficiency ( F'  v / F'  m ) were the same in the two cultivars. Maximum rubisco-mediated carboxylation,  V  cmax , was 66.3 and 69.1 μmol·m -2 ·s -1  in `Big Chili' and `Jalapeno', respectively. During drought, 50% of plants wilted to zero  P  net  in 5 days in `Big Chili', and 7 days in `Jalapeno'. However, at wilting, relative water content was the same at 66%, with 97% less  g  w  than unstressed plants, in each cultivar. `Jalapeno' had 9% greater  F'  v / F'  m  than `Big Chili', at wilting. Four days after rewatering,  P  net ,  g  w  and  F'  v / F'  m  were 27%, 47%, and 8% less in `Big Chili', but only 11%, 19%, and 4% less in `Jalapeno', than unstressed plants, respectively. `Jalapeno' shows greater acclimation of gas exchange to drought than `Big Chili' through rapid recovery of photosystem II, carbon assimilation and stomatal activity.

(143) Drought Acclimation of Leaf Gas Exchange in Jalapeno and Big Chili Pepper