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Additional index words. black vine weevil, Fragaria ×ananassa, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, lesion nematode, Otiorhynchus sulcatus, Pratylenchus penetrans, strawberry Abstract. Surveys mailed to strawberry growers in 1999 determined the state of nematode and root weevil awareness and practices for their management. Based on the survey re- sponse, 41 fi elds representative of various practices were selected for sampling throughout Connecticut. Adult black vine weevils (Otiorhynchus sulcatus) were found in only 3 fi elds, but notched leaves characteristic of their feeding were found in 40 fi elds, indicating a greater prevalence than perceived by growers. The percentage of notched leaves was positively correlated with years in production, suggesting that it took some time for the fl ightless weevils to migrate into and to increase to damaging numbers in fi elds. In fi elds older than 2 years, bifenthrin insecticide reduced leaf feeding compared to untreated fi elds or to fi elds treated with endosulfan or azinphos-methyl. Lesion nematodes (Pratylenchus penetrans) were detected in 31 fi elds and were present in about 58% of plants. When present, nematode numbers were greater in the margins of poor areas than in adjacent healthy plants (735 vs. 428 per g root, respectively). Lesion nematode numbers were also greater in replanted strawberries than rotated fi elds (760 vs. 304, respectively). Soil fumigation with methyl bromide, but not methyl dithiocarbamate or the combination of 1,3-dichloropropene and chloropicrin, reduced nematode densities in the following strawberry crop. Based on an economic model, nematodes reduced accumulated profi t over 4 fruiting years by more than the percent loss of fruit yield. Benefi cial insect pathogenic nematodes, predominantly Heterorhabditis bacteriophora and Steinernema feltiae, were found in 75% of fi elds to which commercially obtained nematodes had been applied, and to 14% of the remaining fi elds. Presence of naturally occurring insect pathogenic nematodes in strawberry fi elds may control root weevil populations and lead to more years of productivity. A complex of root diseases and root-feeding insects may be responsible for reduced yield and planting longevity of perennial strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa Duchesne) in the north- eastern U.S. The most important root disease is strawberry black root rot, a debilitating root cortical disease caused by the binucleate fungus Rhizoctonia fragariae Husain and McKeen (Husain and McKeen, 1963; Martin, 1988; Wilhelm and Nelson, 1970; Wilhelm et al., 1972). Rhizoctonia fragariae is commonly associated with perennial strawberry plant- ings in the Northeast. We consistently isolate it from healthy as well as diseased strawberry roots and it may be assumed to be present at some level in nearly all strawberry plantings. Certain environmental conditions such as drought or waterlogging and root damage by lesion nematodes, Pratylenchus penetrans (Cobb) Filipjev & Schuurmans Stekhoven, may

Prevalence and Potential Impact of Soil-dwelling Pests and Insect Pathogenic Nematodes in Strawberry Fields