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Cowpea (2n=2x=22) is a high protein, short-cycle, and essential legume food crop of the tropics, especially in the low input agricultural areas of sub-Saharan Africa, Asia, and South America. Lack of genetic diversity within breeding programs can limit long-term gains from selection. The cowpea gene pool is thought to be narrow and the genetic diversity within breeding programs could be even less diverse. Genetic relationships among 87 cowpea accessions, including 60 advanced breeding lines from six breeding programs in Africa and the United States, and 27 accessions from Africa, Asia, and South America were examined using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers with six near-infrared fluorescence labeled EcoR I + 3/Mse I + 3 primer sets. A total of 382 bands were scored among the accessions with 207 polymorphic bands (54.2%). Overall, the 87 cowpea accessions have narrow genetic basis and they shared minimum 86% genetic similarities. The data also show that the advanced breeding lines of different programs have higher genetic affinities with lines from the same program but not with lines from other programs. The results suggest that there is a need to incorporate additional germplasm of different genetic background into these breeding lines and to ensure the long-term genetic gains of the programs.

(1) Genetic Diversity of Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] Breeding Lines from Different Countries Determined by AFLP Markers