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‘Robert Livermore’ is derived from a controlled cross-pollination between UC86-11 and ‘Howard’, a cultivar released by the University of California in 1978 (Fig. 2). ‘Howard’ (Plant Pat. No. 4,388) has typical extra light or light kernels. UC86-11 is a germplasm introduction obtained as scionwood identifi ed as RA1088 from the walnut collection of the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Station de Recherches d’Arboriculture Fruitière, Bordeaux, France). On the introduction papers RA 1088 is described as “Juglans purpurea à cerneau rouge”. Krussman (1984) describes a J. regia variety ‘Purpurea’ with dull red leaves and another variety ‘Rubra’ as having a red nutmeat and a blood-red epidermis. The parent, UC8611, has a reddish brown seedcoat and a typical light cream-colored kernel. Both parents and offspring have the typical green leaves of J. regia. Thus neither the reddish parent nor the offspring fi t those descriptions. The cross made in 1991 resulted in 14 surviving progeny of which six had the red seedcoat and six had the typical light tan seedcoat and two have not yet produced fl owers. Other crosses made with UC86-11 resulted in a progeny ratio of 106 red: 119 tan, χ = 0.75, p = 0.39. Although the red color in the progeny ranges from light pink to dark reddish brown, it appears that the presence of pigment coloration is inherited as a single dominant gene, R, present in the heterozygous condition in UC86-11.

`Robert Livermore', a Persian Walnut Cultivar with a Red Seedcoat