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Late fall N fertilization of cool-season turfgrass in northern climates is a common practice. Previous research has been focused in climates where freezing temperatures pre- vail. Research in more moderate northern climates where turf may not go through winter dormancy is scarce. Four fertilizer N sources and an untreated control were applied in four different months (November, December, January, or February) to perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) in Puyallup, Wash., and to kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) In Pullman, Wash., to compare their effects in moderate (Puyallup) and freezing (Pullman) winter climates. In Pullman, only November applications of ammonium sulfate (AmS) or polymer coated sulfur coated urea (PCSCU) enhanced winter turfgrass quality. In Puyallup, November or December application of AmS, PCSCU, or polymer coated urea (PCU) resulted in enhanced winter quality. Polymer coated urea yielded a delayed initial response and a longer residual effect in the spring. Isobutylidenediurea (IBDU) did not improve winter turf quality in either Pullman or Puyallup. Although there was no quality response following January fertilizer application, there was suppression of red thread (Laetisaria fuciformis (McAlpine) Burds.) symptoms in Puyallup, indicating N uptake. Late fall fertilizer N in eastern Washington should be confi ned to November, using soluble or more quickly available slow-release nitrogen fertilizers. The application window can be extended to December in western Washington, and more slowly available coated ureas can be effectively used. Late fall N fertilization of cool season turf- grass in northern climates has become widely practiced over the last 15 to 20 years. Recom- mendations vary state-by-state, but generally include application of N at rates from 4.9 to 7.4 g·m -2 from November to mid-December (Rieke and Lyman, 2002; Stahnke et al., 2000; Street and White, n.d.). Recommended fertilizer types include soluble quick-release sources such as urea, ammonium nitrate, and ammonium sul- fate, and slow release sources such as coated urea products. Although visible growth of turf is slow dur- ing this time, the plant still takes up and utilizes N. Miltner et al. (1996) recovered 36% of 15 N-

Late Fall and Winter Nitrogen Fertilization of Turfgrass in Two Pacific Northwest Climates