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Studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of stratifi cation and seed age on per- cent seedling emergence of Penstemon. Emergence differences occurred between the eight Penstemon selections, as well as between seed stratifi cation treatments and seed age. Seed stratifi cation signifi cantly increased emergence. Emergence varied from 0% with 1-year- old seed of Penstemon digitalis with no stratifi cation, to 72.8% emergence with 2-year-old seed of P. angustifolius with 10 weeks of stratifi cation. Seedlings from 3- to 4-year-old seed generally emerged as well as or better than with 1- and 2-year-old seed. Percent emergence varied signifi cantly with stratifi cation, seed age, and species. Some emergence occurred with species from seed up to 10 years old. Growing and producing native plants for commercial, residential, and highway plantings is an important component of the horticulture industry. However, the success of growing native plants from seed can vary greatly with species, seed source, seed treatment, seed age, environ- ment and pre- and postgermination conditions. Penstemon, a diverse genus of ≈270 species, is native from Alaska south to North and Central America to Guatemala. The genus is diverse for fl owering traits, foliage, plant size and ease of propagation and has a wide variety of uses (Lindgren and Wilde, 2003). Penstemon species have been reported to respond to pre-germina- tion seed treatments including stratifi cation, scarifi cation, alternating temperatures, growth regulators, and light (Allen and Meyer, 1990; Deno, 1991; Kitchen and Meyer, 1991; Lind- gren, 1990; Raeber and Lee, 1991; Salac and Hesse, 1975). The response of penstemon seed to pre-germination treatments varies extensively with species. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of seed age and cold stratifi ca- tion on the percent seed emergence of a diverse selection of Penstemon.

Influence of Seed Stratification and Seed Age on Emergence of Penstemon