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Environmental conditions and incorporation of nutrients into the growing medium can affect the fertilizer needs of bedding plants. To evaluate the effects of photosynthetic photon flux ( PPF ) and starter fertilizer on the fertilizer requirements of subirrigated plants, we grew wax begonias ( Begonia semperflorens - cultorum  Hort.) under three  PPF  levels (averaging 4.4, 6.2, and 9.9 mol·m -2 ·d -1 ) and four fertilizer concentrations [electrical conductivity (EC) of 0.15, 0.33, 0.86, and 1.4 dS·m -1 ] in a normal (with starter fertilizer, EC = 2.1 dS·m -1 ) and heavily leached (with little starter fertilizer, EC = 0.9 dS·m -1 ) growing medium. Except for shoot dry mass, we did not find any significant interactions between  PPF  and fertilizer concentration on any of the growth parameters. There was an interactive effect of fertilizer concentration and starter fertilizer on all growth parameters (shoot dry mass, leaf area, plant height, and number of flowers). When the growing medium contained a starter fertilizer, fertilizer concentration had little effect on growth. When the growing medium was leached before transplanting, growth was best with a fertilizer EC of 0.86 or 1.4 dS·m -1 . Water-use efficiency (WUE) was calculated from 24-hour carbon exchange and evapotranspiration measurements, and used to estimate the required [N] in the fertilizer solution to achieve a target tissue N concentration of 45 mg·g -1 . Increasing  PPF  increased WUE and the required [N] (from 157 to 203 mg·L -1  at  PPF  levels of 4.4 and 9.9 mol·m -2 ·d -1 , respectively). The  PPF  effect on the required [N] appeared to be too small to be of practical significance, since dry mass data did not confirm that plants grown at high light needed higher fertilizer concentrations. Thus, fertilizer concentrations need not be adjusted based on  PPF.

Light Intensity and Fertilizer Concentration: I. Estimating Optimal Fertilizer Concentrations from Water-use Efficiency of Wax Begonia