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In vitro rooting of three commercial cultivars of Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.), ʻSunlandʼ, ʻChandlerʼ, and ʻVinaʼ, was examined using a two-phase rooting proce- dure: root induction in the dark on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with 15 µM IBA followed by root development in the light on a mixture of one-quarter strength Driver Kuniyuki Walnut (DKW) basal medium and vermiculite (1:1.25, v/v). Rooting percent- ages were: ʻSunlandʼ (94%), ʻChandler (55%), and ʻVinaʼ (27%). A positive relationship was observed between the vigor of cultivars and rooting ability, but shoot length did not affect rooting success. Rooting was optimum when shoots were cultured on root induc- tion media for 6 to 8 days. Increasing the sucrose level in the root induction medium to 40 g·L-1 improved rooting, and shoots induced to root at 22 °C rooted more readily than those induced at 30 °C. Either increasing or decreasing the nitrogen level in the multipli- cation medium had a negative effect on rooting. Rooted walnut shoots often cease growth during acclimatization, resulting in shoot rosetting. Spray application of Promalin® (25 mL·L-1 ) caused buds to break and induced elongation of shoots. Chemical name used: indole-3-butyric acid (IBA).

Rooting and Acclimatization of In Vitro-grown Shoots from Mature Trees of Three Persian Walnut Cultivars