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The effects of stratification, BA, thiourea, and GA 3 were examined on germination of Liatris spicata (L.) Willd. seed. Seeds were germinated at 20 °C and numbers of germinated seed were counted daily for 21 days. The final germination percentage (G) for seeds stored dry at 4 °C for 0 to 10 weeks ranged from 52% to 64%, while stratification at 4 °C for 10 weeks increased G to 98% and decreased the days to 50% of final germination (T 50 ) and the days between 10% and 90% germination (T 90 -T 10 ). Aqueous solutions of BA at 10 or 100 mg.L -1 applied to blotter paper increased G and decreased T 50 but did not affect T 90 -T 10 . In a separate experiment, dry seeds were treated for 3 minutes in BA at 0 to 1126 mg.L -1 dissolved in acetone. G values increased quadratically, whereas T 50 and T 90 -T 10 values decreased quadratically in response to BA concentration. A 3-minute preplant acetone permeation of seeds with BA at 225 or 1127 mg.L -1 yielded G and T 50 values similar to those obtained with 10 weeks of stratification. Seeds immersed in thiourea at 0.76 or 7.61 mg.L -1 for 24 hours prior to sowing had higher G and lower T 50 values than controls (0 mg.L -1 thiourea), but T 90 -T 10 values were similar for all treatments. Seeds treated with GA 3 at 1, 10, or 100 mg.L -1 in H 2 O did not differ from controls (0 mg.L -1 GA 3 ) in G, T 50 , or T 90 -T 10 . Infusion of BA via acetone may be a practical means of breaking seed dormancy and accelerating germination in L. spicata. Chemical names used: N-(phenylmethyl)-1H-purine-6-amine [benzyladenine (BA)]; gibberellic acid (GA 3 ); thiocarbamide (thiourea).

Germination of Liatris spicata (L.) Willd. Seed Is Enhanced by Stratification, Benzyladenine, or Thiourea but not Gibberellic Acid