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Although capillary rise plays an important role in providing water to cranberry plants, the relation between water level and plant establishment and growth has not been adequately studied. The aim of this study was to maintain constant water levels and to monitor the effects on establishment, root growth, and aboveground growth in greenhouse-grown cranberries. Cuttings from cranberry ( Vaccinium macrocarpon  Ait.) cultivar Stevens were rooted in sand-filled pots in the greenhouse for ≈2 weeks and then transplanted to sand-filled PVC tubes. The water level in the tubes was set 7.5, 15, 22.5, 30, or 37.5 cm below the top of the sand surface. Pan evaporation was estimated using PVC tubes filled with water to the same level as the sand in the planted tubes. Extension growth of uprights and runners was measured every 3 days. After growing in the PVC tubes for 90 days, all plants were harvested and upright length, runner length, leaf dry weight, stem dry weight, root length, and root dry weight were measured. There was a similar mortality rate among plants in all of the treatments. Water use varied among the treatments, with the 7.5-cm water level treatment using the least water. The 15-cm water level used the most water, with water use then decreasing in a linear fashion for the 22.5-, 30-, and 37.5-cm treatments. At the conclusion of the study, aboveground dry weight was significantly less for plants in the 7.5-cm treatment compared to any of the other treatments, while it was highest in the 15-cm water level treatment and decreased with lower water levels in a linear fashion as did the average daily water use. The patterns of root dry-weight accumulation were different among the treatments with the highest accumulation in the 22.5-cm water level treatment and decreasing root dry weight with both higher and lower water level treatments. This study points out the detrimental effects of a too high water table, but it also shows that there are costs associated with establishing a deeper rooting system. The benefit of the deeper root system probably outweighs the cost of production however, since shallow root systems lead to increased susceptibility to drought stress and decreased access to nutrients.

Cranberry Establishment and Growth at Varying Water Tables