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Fertilizer recommendations for woody ornamentals suggest applying nutrients in early spring at budbreak, and in fall at the time of leaf coloration or leaf abscission. Because plants lack functional leaves at those times, there would be minimal contributions from photosynthesis to active ion absorption or from transpiration to mass flow of ions in soil towards roots. Thus, we hypothesized that fertilizer efficiency also would be low at those times. To estimate N uptake efficiency,  15 N-enriched fertilizer was applied to container linden trees at one of five times during the 1998 season: at budbreak, during active growth, after terminal bud-set, before leaf abscission, and during leaf abscission. Half of the plants received  15 N-nitrate-enriched ammonium nitrate on each date, and half received  15 N-ammonium-enriched ammonium nitrate. Treated plants were harvested 10 days after enriched fertilizer application (29 May, 6 July, 17 Aug., 28 Sept., and 16 Nov.). Patterns of uptake were not different between plants treated with  15 N-ammonium- or  15 N-nitrate-enriched fertilizer. In both cases, nitrogen recovery efficiencies at budbreak and leaf abscission were much lower than at other application times. Whole-plant recovery efficiency of  15 N-nitrate-enriched ammonium nitrate was 10% at budbreak, 13% at leaf abscission, and ranged from 58% to 71% for the intervening times. Recovery of  15 N-ammonium-enriched ammonium nitrate was 6% at budbreak, 24% at leaf abscission, and 42% to 56% for intervening times.

431 Seasonal Changes in Nitrogen Uptake Efficiency in a Woody Ornamental (Tilia cordata Mill. `Greenspire')