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Purple coneflower,  Echinacea  sp. (Asteraceae), is a herbaceous perennial native to North America. Within the past decade, extensive research has been conducted to confirm echinacea's immunostimulatory, antiviral, and antibacterial benefits to humans.  E. angustifolia, E. purpurea , and  E. pallida  are the primary species grown and studied for the herbal industry. However, there are other species and cultivars that may produce higher yields in biomass and chemical quality. The objective for this study is to evaluate the differences in biomass and phenolic content of five cultivars of  E. purpurea  and five species of Echinacea under Kentucky growing conditions. Differences in biomass (dry weight) of  Echinacea  species and cultivars harvested after the first year of growth was determined. There was a significant difference in total dry weight between  E. purpurea  cultivars.  E. purpurea  `Bright Star' and `Clio' produced significantly greater total dry weight compared to all other cultivars. There was no significant difference in root or flower biomass between cultivars. Biomass production differed between  Echinacea  species for root, vegetative, and flower parts. The total biomass of  E. purpurea  and  E. tennesseensis  was significantly higher compared to other species.  E. pallida  and  E. paradoxa  were not significantly different from  E. purpurea  in root biomass, even though both species produced less above-ground growth.  E. tennesseensis  produced 45% to 105% more flowers compared to other species. Differences in phenolic content between species and cultivars will also be presented.

255 Biomass and Phenolic Content of Echinacea Species Grown in Kentucky