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There are two evolutionary pathways in the genus of  Brassica , one is  rapa/oleracea  lineage and the other is  nigra  lineage. Based on the morphological characteristics and nuclear RAPD or RFLP markers, genus  Raphanus  was thought more closely related to  nigra  lineage than to  rapa/oleracea  lineage (Song et al., 1990; Thormann et al., 1994). RFLP data of both chloroplast and mitochondria revealed that  Raphanus  is more closely related to  rapa/oleracea  lineage (Palmer and Herbon, 1988; Warwick and Black, 1991; Pradhan et al., 1992). We have previously demonstrated that  Raphanus sativus  is more closely related to  nigra  lineage using nuclear intergenic spacer between 5S rDNA and internal transcribed spacer region between 18S and 25S rDNA. In this study, we analyzed DNA sequences from different regions of chloroplast and showed that  Raphanus sativus  was closely related to  rapa/oleracea  lineage than to  nigra  lineage. These results suggest that  Raphanus sativus  is a hybrid between  B. rapa/oleracea  and  B nigra  lineages as proposed by Song et al (1990). The split time between these two lineages and the divergent time of  Raphanus  was also determined based on these chloroplast DNA sequences.

053 The Origin of Raphanus sativus Based on the DNA Sequences from Different Organelles