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Seedlessness is an important breeding objective of most citrus scion improvement programs, but production of quality seedless triploid citrus via interploid crosses has historically been limited by the low quality of available tetraploid parents. Production of tetraploid hybrid parents from elite diploid scion cultivars via protoplast fusion is now a practical strategy, and numerous hybrids can be produced on a timely basis from a wide range of parents. Such hybrids can be used as pollen parents in interploid crosses to generate improved seedless triploid fresh fruit cultivars. Herein we report the production of 15 such hybrids from 17 different parents, including sweet orange [ Citrus sinensis  (L.) Osbeck], mandarin/tangerine ( C. reticulata  Blanco), grapefruit ( C. paradisi  Macf.), pummelo [ C. grandis  (L.) Osbeck], tangor ( C. reticulata × C. sinensis ), and tangelo ( C. reticulata × C. paradisi ) germplasm. All hybrids were confirmed by cytological and RAPD analyses, and have been budded to selected rootstocks to expedite flowering.

Somatic Hybridization, an Integral Component of Citrus Cultivar Improvement: I. Scion Improvement