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Gibberellin A 3  (GA 3 : 1, 3, or 5 (μg/shoot),  6 N-benzyladenine (BA: 1, 3, or 5 μg/shoot), or both were applied to the flowering shoots of a white hybrid  Phalaenopsis  orchid (Leda) when they were 2 to 3 cm (stage 1, no flower primordial long at high temperature (30 °C day/25 °C night). When flowering shoots were treated with GA 3 , alone, deformed flowers were more frequent with increasing GA 3  concentrations. The occurrence of GA 3 -induced deformed flowers was prevented by BA at the same dose as GA 3  when applied 4 days after GA 3  treatment. BA (1, 3, or 5 μg/shoot) was also applied 4 days before (time 1) or 4 days after (time 2) GA 3  (1 (μg/shoot) treatment for regulating plant characteristics. The application of BA at 1 or 5 μg/shoot to stage 1 flowering shoots at time 2 resulted in short internodes between florets, whereas BA application at time 1 had no effect. Simultaneously, BA at 1 or 5 μg/shoot applied at time 1 or time 2 to stage 2 (5 to 6 cm long, two- to three-flower primordia) flowering shoots also shortened internode length between florets as compared to GA 3  alone. When a stage 1 flowering shoot was given BA (3 or 5, but not 1 μg/shoot) and then treated with GA 3  4 days later, flower count was slightly reduced as compared to treating with (GA 3  alone. However, a high dose of BA applied at time 1 or time 2 on stage 2 flowering shoots had no effect on flower count. Chemical names used:  N -(phenylmethyl)-l H -purine-6-amine [benzyladenine (BA)], gibberellic acid (GA 3 ).

Gibberellic Acid and Cytokinin Affect Phalaenopsis Flower Morphology at High Temperature