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Banana ( Musa  sp.), mango ( Mangifera indica ), and avocado ( Persea americana ) plants were grown in controlled-environment glasshouses in ambient (350 μmol CO 2 /mol) and enriched (700–1000 (mol CO 2 /mol) atmospheric CO 2  concentrations. At each CO 2  concentration, plants were either exposed to sink-limiting (root restriction) or non-sink-limiting conditions (no root restriction). Total carbon assimilation and dry matter accumulation were generally greater for plants in the enriched CO 2  environment than for plants grown in ambient CO 2 . However, plants grown in the enriched CO 2  environment were less efficient at assimilating carbon than plants grown in ambient CO 2 . There was a downward regulation of net CO 2  assimilation due to root restriction that resulted in less dry matter accumulation than in non-root-restricted plants. This may explain the lower net CO 2  assimilation rates often observed for tropical fruit trees grown in containers compared to those of field-grown trees. Atmospheric CO 2  enrichment generally did not compensate for reductions in net CO 2  assimilation and dry matter accumulation that resulted from root restriction.

Effects of Atmospheric CO2 Enrichment and Root Restriction on Photosynthesis and Dry Matter Partitioning in Tropical Fruit Crops