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Commercial micropropagation of wetland plants used for habitat restoration provides an alternative to field collection and facilitates production of difficult-to-propagate species and possibly selection of ecotypes that are physiologically adapted to specific habitat conditions. Knowledge of the degree of ecotypic variation within and between wetland populations is very limited. The feasibility of screening ecotypic differences in growth of micropropagated wetland plants, following acclimatization, was examined using  Sagittaria   latifolia  Willd. (Duck-potato), a highly variable rhizomatous herbaceous wetland species that is widely distributed in southeastern Canada and the eastern United States. Plants were obtained from populations in Rhode Island, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Florida. Stage I cultures of each  Sagittaria latifolia  ecotype were established from surface-sterilized rhizome shoot-tips cultured in a liquid basal medium (BM) consisting of half-strength Murashige and Skoog mineral salts, 0.56 mM  myo -inositol and 1.2 μM thiamine supplemented with 87.6 mM sucrose. Stage I cultures were indexed for cultivable bacteria prior to clonal multiplication of each ecotype by rhizome production on agar-solidified BM supplemented with 1.1 μM benzyladenine (BA). At 4-week intervals for 24 months, Stage II microcuttings of each ecotype were acclimatized and rooted in soilless growing medium under intermittent mist for 10 days. Plantlets were transferred to a shadehouse (50% sunlight reduction) and maintained under prevailing environmental conditions. Plant height, leaf length and number, rhizome number, corm number and weight, and flowering were determined 6 weeks post-transplant. Significant seasonal differences in leaf growth, rhizome production, corm formation and flowering were observed between ecotypes. During the growing season, induction of corm formation occurred progressively earlier in the more northern ecotypes.

Seasonal Effects on ex Vitro Growth and Corm Formation in Micropropagated Sagittaria latifolia Ecotypes