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Cucumber beetles  Acalymma vittatum  (Fab.) and  Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi  (Barber) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) are major pests of cucurbits, and biological methods are needed for their control. A floral border of buckwheat  Fagopyrum esculentum  (Moench) was planted perpendicular to  Cucumis sativa  L. `Arkansas Littleleaf' and  Cucurbita pepo  L. `Seneca' rows to assess effects on populations of cucumber beetles and the presence of natural enemies. Numbers of Diptera were used as an indicator of potential border attractiveness to natural enemies  Celatoria diabroticae  (Shimer) and  Celatoria setosa  (Coquillett) (Diptera: Tachinidae). Sticky traps and modified Malaise traps at increments from the border were used to monitor insect numbers. There was a quadratic decline from 19.5 Diptera in the border to 2.8 Diptera at 20 m from the border in June 1995 and linear declines from 14.8 and 14.2 Diptera in the border to 9.8 and 6.8 Diptera at 36 m in June and Aug. 1996, respectively. Numbers of striped cucumber beetles were variable, with a non-significant ( P  = 0.08) linear increase from 13.0 insects in the border to 17.5 insects at 36 m in June 1995, but quadratic decreases to 27 m in June, July, and Sept. 1996. Similar declines as distance from the border increased were found in numbers of tachinid flies (Diptera: Tachinidae) and Hymenoptera wasps and Pennsylvania leatherwings,  Chauliognathus pennsylvanicus  (Deg.) (Coleoptera: Cantharidae) and lady beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in 1996. No meaningful effects on cucumber (1995) or squash (1995 and 1996) yield were found. Although the natural populations of  Celatoria  spp. were not high enough to achieve control, these results suggest that flowering borders may be useful as habitats for releasing natural enemies of cucumber beetles. Numbers of Pennsylvania leatherwings,  Chauliognathus pennsylvanicus  (Deg.) (Coleoptera: Cantharidae) showed a significant linear decline from 2.1 insects in the border to 0.2 insects at 36 m in June 1996, but no significant relationship was found in 1995 or in Aug. 1996.

Effect of Buckwheat as a Flowering Border on Populations of Cucumber Beetles and Their Natural Enemies in Cucumber and Squash