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The table beet (Beta vulgaris L.) breeding program at the Univ. of Wisconsin‐Madison, initiated by W.H. Gabelman in 1949, was geared toward assessing the feasibility of F 1 hybrids. This attempt required an understanding of pollen sterility, inbreeding potential, and seed production characteristics. The primary breeding objectives of the beet program focused on sterile and maintainer lines for the production of hybrids, disease resistance, round to globe-shaped roots, improved color and sweetness, multigerm and monogerm seed, and enhancement of combining ability. Hybrids and inbred lines were released by Gabelman in cooperation with the Wisconsin State Agricultural Experiment Station during 1964‐92. Gabelman took advantage of useful genes found in sugar beet (also Beta vulgaris L.) in improving table beet germplasm. The sf allele, which conditions self-fertility, was introduced from a sugar beet breeding line obtained from V.F. and H. Savitsky, emigres from Russia working with F.V. Owen, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture‐Agricultural Research Service, Fort Collins, Colo. The sf allele allowed for inbreeding individual plants, a technique that was not previously possible in beet because of its self-incompatibility. Inbreeding enabled the development of more homogenous populations and ultimately resulted in uniform inbred lines. Similarly, the x and z alleles, conditioning sterility at the nuclear restorer locus (in homozygous recessive condition), were introduced from sugar beet breeding lines obtained from F.V. Owen. These alleles, in combination with the sterile cytoplasm obtained from Owen, allowed for the development of pollen-sterile breeding lines and their maintainer lines. The B allele conditioning annual flowering habit also was obtained from sugar beet breeding material from V.F. Savitsky. The B allele allowed for efficient development of sterile inbred lines since spring-sown plants carrying Bb flower in Madison, Wis., by midAugust. A cross of the constitution SxxsfsfBb x N__sf_bb will give rise to 50% annual ( Bb) progeny, which, because they are flowering, can be classified for sterility in the field. These annual sterile plants can then be decapitated,

A List of Germplasm Releases from the University of Wisconsin Onion Breeding Program, 1957–1993