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Several salt marsh functions were found to be directed by the genotype of the vascular plant. Tissue culture regenerants of  Distichlis spicata  and  Sporobolus virginicus , along with plants from natural populations of these species, were compared in a common garden study. Significant differences among genotypes were found in several characteristics of importance in the functioning of the salt marsh food web. Specifically, potential detritus production, belowground organic matter production, and canopy structure were affected. Selections from five morphologically distinct populations of  Spartina patens , including one tissue culture regenerant, also maintained differences in a common marsh setting. In a newly created salt marsh near Lewes, Dela., three populations of short-form  Spartina alterniflora  from different latitudes (Massachusetts, Delaware, and Georgia) were planted. After 5 years in the new site, the plants maintained distinct morphologies characteristic of plants at their site of origin; e.g., aboveground biomass, canopy structural characteristics, and root and rhizome biomass, composition, and distribution. The magnitude of marsh functional processes associated with the latitude of the population source persisted in the created wetland. The edaphic algal community, the activity of the aerial microbial decomposers, and the edaphic community respiration were significantly influenced by vascular plant genotype in the created marsh, and they reflected the values characteristic of these functions at the latitude of origin of the vascular plants. Indications are that higher trophic levels may also be affected. In creating new wetlands, this plant genetic variation can be used to accentuate different functions, thus optimizing wetland values on the specific site and at the landscape ecology scale.

Exploiting Tissue Culture-generated Variation and Natural Plant Population Diversity for Wetland Creation