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During 5 years from grafting, all annual shoots or growth units appearing on unpruned apple trees were recorded, and their main characteristics (length, node number, location of flower buds) introduced in a database through a code permitting quick and unequivocal identification. From this comprehensive description, the most and highly probable structure of the tree was deduced from year to year. Both cultivars display very similar gross structures, despite minor differences in shape, flowering mode, and productivity. The development occurs in two phases. In the first one, a frame composed of trunk and several storied sets of branches is built. Flowering is rather strictly biennial along each branch system. The second phase is one of reinforcement of the branches by axillary growth but even more by sympodial branching due to increasing and repeated terminal flowering (successive “bourse” shoot formation). `Cox's Orange Pippin' mainly differs from Jonagold by earlier transition to the second phase and regular production of more “bourse” shoots (two to three instead of one).

A Computer-aided Description and Comparison of the Free Development of Unpruned Young Apple Trees, cv. Cox's Orange Pippin and Jonagold