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The influence of irradiance, CO 2 , and temperature on whole-plant net C exchange rate (NCER) of micropropagated raspberries ( Rubus idaeus  L. cv. `Heritage') was examined in 1994. Irradiances &gt;1000 μmol – m –2– s –1  PAR were required for light saturation, and net photosynthesis (Pn) greatly increased under CO 2  enrichment (up to 2000 μl – liter –1 ) and was optimum at 17C. Temperature effects were separated in another experiment using varying air and soil temperatures (15, 20, 25, 30, and 35C) under saturated light and ambient CO 2  levels (350 μl – liter –1 ). Both air and soil temperature influenced net Pn, with maximum rates occurring at an air/soil temperature of 17/25C and each contributing 71.2% and 26.7%, respectively, to the total variation explained by a polynomial model ( R  2  = 0.96). Dark respiration and root respiration rates also increased significantly with elevated air and soil temperatures. Therefore, results from this study indicate that maximum net Pn occurred at an air/soil temperature of 17/25C and that irradiance, CO 2  levels, and shoot and root temperatures are all important factors in examining NCER in raspberries.

Net Carbon Dioxide Exchange Rates of Raspberries at Varying Irradiances, Carbon Dioxide Concentrations, and Air and Soil Temperatures