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The ability of low and high temperatures to overcome endo- and paradormancy along with the possible mechanisms involved in these treatments for breaking apple ( Malus domestica  Borkh. `Anna') bud dormancy were studied. All these treatments induced budbreak in paradormant (in July) and endodormant (in October) buds. Cold and heat treatments increased ascorbic acid, the reduced the form of glutathione (GSH), total glutathione, total non-protein thiol and non-glutathione thiol, whereas dehydroascorbic acid and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) decreased. The treatments also increased the ascorbic acid: dehydroascorbate and GSH: GSSG ratios and the activity of ascorbate-free radical reductase, ascorbate peroxidase, dehydroascorbate reductase, ascorbate oxidase, and glutathione reductase in the buds. These results indicate that budbreak induced by cold and heat treatments is associated with the removal of free radicals through activated peroxide-scavenging systems.

Temperature Stress Enhances Antioxidant Enzyme Activities Associated with Budbreak in Woody Plants