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Factorial experiments in two growing seasons in open-top field chambers with two or three O3 concentrations and two primocane-fruiting raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) cultivars were used to obtain dose-response relationships describing the effects of seasonal O3 exposure on raspberry plant vegetative and reproductive growth. At the lower concentration (0.12 μlliter -1 ), the response to O 3 was nonsignificant. However, at 0.24 μlliter -1 , 'Heritage' showed a significant decline relative to the control in cane height, node count, cane diameter, and dry weight. These changes were accompanied by a 52% decrease in yield, caused mainly by a reduction in fruit count. In contrast, vegetative and yield characters of the 'Redwing' were not affected by O 3. fruiting cultivars produce fruit on the upper primocanes (first year), and buds on the lower cane remain dormant until the second season (Jennings, 1988). Mowing canes in the early spring is a standard management practice in which only one crop is produced in the fall from the new flush of primocanes initiated on buds of the perennial root system. Therefore, the root system is perennial and the canes are managed as an annual crop. This combination of annual and perennial growth may increase the importance of various physiological char- acteristics associated with productivity main- tenance, such as functional leaf area, photo- synthesis, and shoot-to-root photoassimilate translocation. In primocane-fruiting raspberry cultivars, functional leaf area is critical for fruit produc- tion in the current year. Current-year leaf area also provides the carbohydrates for the estab- lishment of the reserves in roots and crowns that are used to initiate shoot growth the sub- sequent season (Crandall et al., 1974; Jennings and Carmichael, 1975). Runeckles and Chevone (1991) demonstrated that O3 reduces leaf area, photosynthesis, and root mass in a variety of species, and it may be critical to the primocane-fruiting raspberry vegetative and reproductive growth. Our objective was to examine the influence of seasonal O 3 exposure on the yield and vegetative growth of two primocane-fruiting raspberry cultivars.

Impact of Seasonal Ozone Exposure on Yield and Vegetative Growth of Primocane-fruiting Raspberry