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A study was conducted to test alternative production practices that lessen the use of carbamate fungicides in the field and post-harvest washing techniques that help to reduce carbamate residues in canned spinach. Five spinach genotypes showed a high degree of resistance to white rust, the predominant field disease. The fungicide Ridomil used alone or combined with copper or Maneb provided the best control in susceptible cultivars. Maneb alone or combined with copper controlled white rust but not as efficiently as Ridomil. The most efficient washing methods to remove Maneb residues were washing with a detergent solution plus water or ozonated water or a triple wash with detergent, water and ozonated water. The lowest residue levels of ethylenethiourea (ETU), a carcinogenic carbamate derivative, detected in the washing treatments was in the range of 0.15 to 0.45 ppm. ETU in the non-washed controls fluctuated from 0.85 to 2.31 ppm.

648 PB 416 MINIMAL USAGE OF CARBAMATE FUNGICIDES IN FIELD PRODUCTION OF SPINACH AND POSTHARVEST REMOVAL OR RESIDUES BY WASHING TECHNIQUES