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The pollination of cranberries and pears by honey bees is often inadequate. The pollination efficacy of feral  (Bombus  spp.) and/or commercial bumble bees was evaluated for these crops. Preliminary evaluation of commercial  B. vosnesenskii  and  B. occidentalis  hives indicated poor forage activity on pears, but good activity on cranberries. Hive stocking densities of  B. occidentalis  on cranberries required to match feral  Bombus  populations was 8-10 hive/ha. Hives required 1-2 weeks in the field prior to full bloom to achieve suitable forage density during bloom. Parasitism of commercial hives by wax moth and bumble bee brood fly was common. Commercial colonies did not appear to be cost effective at this time. Only short-tongued feral  Bombus  species foraged on cranberries. Acceptance of artificial domiciles by these species was poor. Enhancing feral populations required provision of supplemental food sources and improved nesting habitat. Management of alternative food resources for feral bumble bees will be discussed.

174 USING FERAL AND COMMERCIAL BUMBLE BEES FOR POLLINATION OF CRANBERRIES AND PEARS