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We investigated microclimate, gas exchange, and growth of field-grown Norway maple  (Acer platanoides)  and green ash  (Fraxinus pennsylvanica)  trees in brown, white, or no treeshelters. Microclimate, tree growth, and gas exchange measurements were taken summer and winter. Treeshelter microclimate was greenhouse-like compared to ambient conditions, as short-wave radiation (S↓) was lower, and midday air temperature and relative humidity were higher. In both species, this resulted in less trunk growth and greater specific leaf area, which are growth responses characteristic of shade acclimation. Treeshelter microclimate did, however, substantially increase shoot elongation and stomatal conductance, but did not increase photosynthesis when compared to trees grown without shelters. White shelters allowed 25% more penetration of S↓ than brown shelters, but tree growth and climatic variables did not differ with treeshelter color. Stomatal conductance, however, was higher for trees in white shelters. Treeshelters also appeared to have a negative effect on plant hardiness. New shoot growth in shelters was more winter-damaged, particularly in maple, than nonsheltered trees. This may be related to winter bark (T b ) and air temperature (T a ). Winter midday T b  on trees grown in shelters was up to 15C higher than T b  on trees outside shelters, while midday T a  inside treeshelters was up to 20C higher than T a  outside treeshelters.

RESPONSE OF FIELD-GROWN NORWAY MAPLE AND GREEN ASH TREES TO WHITE AND BROWN TREESHELTERS