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Problems with iron toxicity are documented for the bedding plant species of geranium and marigold. It was suspected that observed nutrition problems of  Chrysanthemum  X superbum  `Snow Lady' were due to iron toxicity. The objectives of this study were to determine which if any perennial species were sensitive to iron toxicity (iron efficient) and to document any symptoms. Using a sand culture method, C. X superbum  `Snow Lady' and `Alaska', and  Pelargonium  X hortorum  `Red Elite' (as a check) and 3 other perennial species were watered twice daily with a modified Hoaglands I solution with 0.00, 0.02, 0.04, 0.08, 0.16, or 0.32 mM FeEDTA. Only  Pelargonium  had toxic foliar iron levels (462.2 ppm Fe averaged over all treatments) and showed classic iron toxicity symptoms. C. X superbum  `Alaska' showed possible iron toxicity symptoms at 0.08 and 0.16 mM FeEDTA with foliar iron levels of 301.0 ppm Fe and 282.7 ppm Fe, respectively. Below average foliar levels of Mn were observed in all species except  Pelargonium . Also noted were: toxic levels of boron in  Achillea  and deficient levels of copper in  Aguilegia .

RESPONSES OF HERBACEOUS PERENNIAL SPECIES TO HIGH IRON LEVELS