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Cucumber  (Cucumis sativus  L.) breeders have provided growers with many useful cultivars since production began in the U. S. in the 1600s. The objective of this study was to determine how much breeding progress has been made for yield, earliness, quality, and anthracnose resistance. The experiment was a split-split-split plot in a randomized complete block with 3 replications. Treatments were 2 years (1989, 1990), 2 seasons (spring, summer), 2 production systems (stress, elite), and 14 cultivars (2 important ones from each of 7 time periods, from 1786 to 1982). Plants were grown at Clinton, N. C. using recommended cultural practices, except for the stress treatment, which received half the recommended amount of fertilizer, irrigation, and pesticides. Total yield over 8 harvests increased from approximately 20 Mg/ha for the old cultivars to 30 Mg/ha for the new cultivars. Similar increases were measured for marketable and early yield. Fruit quality (rated 1 to 9) also was improved by breeding, with shape improved 2, and fruit color improved 3 rating points. Part of the improvement in yield was probably due to improved anthracnose resistance. However, improved yield also was obtained in the spring season where anthracnose was absent. In conclusion, the relatively small cucumber breeding effort produced large gains for most traits measured.

GENETIC IMPROVEMENT OF SLICING CUCUMBER, 1786 TO 1982