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Even though the importation of fruit crop germplasm to North America coincided with and perhaps reached a zenith during the earliest phases of colonization and settlement, a national organized system of conservation did not emerge until the late 1970s. Serious concern that the maintenance and conservation of this important resource required national coordination and commitment led to the establishment of several clonal repositories to accommodate most of the fruit crops with production potential in North America (Brooks and Barton, 1983). In recent years, it has become apparent that a comprehensive conservation program for fruit crop genetic resources will probably best be accomplished by developing storage systems for organs and tissues under controlled conditions to compliment the clonal repositories. Cryopreservation of appropriate tissues and organs is one option. The potential for long-term storage in a stable condition using cryopreservation is appealing for several reasons, including improved efficiency and the potential for long-term storage. However, there is a need for more research to answer questions pertaining to long-term viability, genetic stability with various systems and tissues, improved protocols, and basic cell survival mechanisms at the biochemical and biophysical level. Accordingly, in this report, 1 will initially attempt to outline some current conservation strategies in light of present programs and conclude with comments on recent research on cryopreservation of fruit crop genetic resources and the potential application to conservation of these resources.

Cryopreservation of Fruit Crop Genetic Resources— Implications for Maintenance and Diversity during Conservation