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Eight groundcover management systems (GMS) have been studied since 1986 in an apple orchard replant site. Tree-row GMS consisted of post-emergence “killed sods” and pre-emergence herbicide strips, a crownvetch “living mulch,” hay-straw mulch, clean cultivation, a close-mowed sod, and an unmowed but chemically growth-regulated sodgrass. Trees initially grew best in the straw-mulch treatment, but nearly 40% have succumbed to Phytophthora crown rot since 1988, apparently due to excessive soil moisture. Meadow vole populations have been higher, and vole injury to lower trunks has been more frequent and severe on trees in crownvetch and straw-mulch GMS, despite routine rodenticide baiting. Cumulative yields per tree have been highest in straw-mulched trees, but yields per acre have been much lower, because of the increased tree mortality in this treatment.

ALTERNATIVE ORCHARD GROUNDCOVER MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS INFLUENCE EARLY APPLE YIELDS AND MORTALITY.