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Sturdeespur Delicious', 'MacSpur', 'Summerland McIntosh', 'Idared', and 'Empire' apple trees (Malus domestics Borkh.) planted in 1986 on various size-con- trolling rootstock were used to determine the effect of rootstock on primary scaffold branch crotch angle. There were differences in crotch angle depending on rootstock. Rootstock effects were more pronounced with the upright growing 'Sturdeespur Deli- cious' than with 'Idared' and 'Empire', which have a spreading growth habit. Ottawa 8 rootstock had a tendency to produce primary branches with wider crotch angles than other semidwarf to standard rootstock. Scaffold branches with wide crotch angles are important in training trees to central leader systems. Wide crotch angles form strong unions between branches and adjacent tis- sues of the trunk and will carry heavy crop loads without breakage (Teskey and Shoe- maker, 1972). In contrast, narrow crotch an- gles form weaker unions due to bark inclusion

Rootstock Affects Primary Scaffold Branch Crotch Angle of Apple Trees