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A seedling disorder of broccoli (Brassica oleraceae L. var. italica) charac- terized by chlorotic cotyledons and delayed seedling growth is described. This disorder, termed "yellow cotyledon", has been observed in field plantings under high tempera- tures with some broccoli seed lots. Yellow-cotyledon disorder can be observed in lab- oratory germination tests if they are conducted under illumination, where unaffected seedlings will develop green cotyledons. Little relationship was found between overall seed vigor and the expression of yellow cotyledon by use of early germination counts and accelerated aging tests, although the most severely affected seed lots had been stored for several years. Field trials in 2 years showed that although seedlings with yellow-cotyledon disorder developed into normal plants, maturity was delayed and total yields were reduced. Serious stand establishment problems oc- casionally occur in broccoli fields planted during the early fall in the Imperial Valley of California. Broccoli seed is typically pre- cision planted at a desired spacing and irri- gated by sprinklers until emergence. Seedlings generally emerge within 5 to 7 days, and the green cotyledons are readily visible. Stand establishment of broccoli was particularly poor in 1986, when several hundred hectares of plantings exhibited yellow (chlorotic) coty- ledons after emergence. In most cases, the plants eventually outgrew the condition and showed apparently normal development to harvest. We conducted field and laboratory studies to investigate the nature of this seed- ling -disorder and to determine its conse- quences for crop establishment, growth, and yield.

Yellow Cotyledon: A Seedling Disorder of Broccoli