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Successful recovery of plants transformed by direct gene transfer techniques relies on 3 factors: 1) a regenerable cell/tissue culture system, 2) a foreign DNA delivery system which can be fine tuned, and 3) a cell population receptive to the transfer and integration of foreign DNA into its genome. Cell receptivity to foreign DNA incorporation is being determined by bombarding poplar cells with gold particles coated with plasmid DNA containing a CaMV35s pro–meted β-glucuronidase chimeric gene construct. Histochemical GUS expression assays conducted after bombardment show that early log phase cells are most receptive with a transient transformation rate of 0.26% compared to 0.08–0.04% for mid log and stationary phase cells. Furthermore, cell receptivity in early log phase cells is decreased when cytokinin is removed from the culture medium for 3 growth cycles prior to bombardment. This response suggests that plant growth regulators may be used to enhance cell receptivity along with cell synchronizing agents.

ENHANCING CELL RECEPTIVITY TO GENE TRANSFER BY ELECTRIC DISCHARGE PARTICLE ACCELERATION