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At three different times throughout the growing season, white ash seeds representing different maturity levels were transversely dissected, surface sterilized, and placed on agar-solidified MS medium containing 10 μM thidiazuron (TDZ) and a factorial combination of 0, 1, and 5 μM 2,4-D and 0, 0.5, and 1 μM glyphosate. After four weeks, explants were transferred to MS medium containing 5 μM BA and 5μM NAA. After 12 weeks in vitro, the greatest percent (60%) of explants with organogenesis (adventitiously produced leafy structures that could grow into shoots) was when seeds were exposed to 1 μM 2,4-D. Organogenesis occurred on explants only exposed to TDZ (31%), therefore auxin was not necessary for, but enhanced organogenesis. Seed explants were not consistently stimulated, or inhibited by these levels of glyphosate. Compared to immature-seeds, mature see explants were the most organogenic (67%) and had the greatest amount of adventitious shoots (14%).

SEED EXPLANT MATURITY AND 2,4-D AFFECT ORGANOGENESIS OF WHITE ASH (FRAXINUS AMERICANA L.)