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Two mechanisms that reduce water and salt stress, respectively, are an increase in root hydraulic conductivity ( L P  ) and reduction in Na and Cl absorption and transport to the leaf. NH 4  + -N decreased muskmelon  L P   55-70% while under 100 mM NaCl stress and 40-50% in the absence of NaCl stress. A decrease in  L P   increases the rate of water stress development as the transpiration rate increases. Although dry weight decreased about 70%, with NO -  3 -N, muskmelon remained healthy green, while with NH +  4 -N they became chlorotic and necrotic with a 100% and 25% increase in leaf blade Na and Cl compared to NO -  3 -N, respectively. Further investigation indicated that NH +  4 -N increased muskmelon sensitivity to NaCl through both an increased rate of net Na influx and transport of Na to the leaf. Since Na influx partitioning is controlled by mechanisms K/Na selectivity and exchange across membranes, the NH +  4 -N inhibition of K absorption may impair K/Na exchange mechanisms. Reduced K/Na selectivity or Na efflux are implicated as the source of the increased net Na influx with NH +  4 -N. The importance of K in preventing Na partitioning to the leaf was confined through removal of K from the nutrient solution thereby simulating the NH +  4 -N-induced gradual K depletion in muskmelon. Our work indicates that at a given level of water or NaCl stress, NO -  3 -N reduces the level of stress experienced by muskmelon through increasing  L P   and reducing the net rate of Na influx and transport to the sensitive leaf blade. This avoidance mechanism should enable muskmelon plants fertilized with NO -  3 -N to tolerate greater levels of stress.

WHOLE PLANT MECHANISMS OF AMMONIUM INDUCED INCREASES IN WATER STRESS AND SENSITIVITY OF MUSKMELON TO NaCl