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Introdução: A cárie dentária ainda é considerada um problema de Saúde Pública. O período de irrompimento dentário é considerado fator de risco. Existem dificuldades no diagnóstico e manejo das lesões incipientes em dentes permanentes. Objetivo: Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a pigmentação de sulcos e fissuras em primeiros molares permanentes.  Material e Método: A pesquisa foi submetida ao Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa e aprovada pelo protocolo 3501. Foram incluídas crianças entre 6 a 12 anos de idade de ambos os gêneros de escolas municipais e escola particular. Foram avaliados primeiros molares permanentes em pacientes de alto e médio risco a cárie dentária. Amostras de biofilme foram obtidas e a presença de bactérias foi determinada por cultura. Resultados: As bactérias mais comumente encontradas foram S. pyogenes, S. mitis e S. salivarius. Os dentes inferiores 36 e 46 foram os mais afetados e, quando comparados aos dentes superiores, houve diferença estatística (p &lt;0,05). Conclusão: A colonização bacteriana e a experiência de cárie podem ser afetadas pela idade, morfologia dentária e outros fatores.Descritores: Dentição Permanente; Fissuras Dentárias; Microbiologia; Placa Dentária; Streptococcus pyogenes.ReferênciasBrasil. Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Atenção à Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. SB Brasil 2010: Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde Bucal: resultados principais Brasília: Ministério da Saúde; 2012.Sheiham A. Sucrose and dental caries. Nutr Health. 1987;5(1-2):25-9.Sheiham A, James WPT. Diet and dental caries: the pivotal role of free sugars reemphasized. J Dent Res. 2015;94(10):1341-47.Takahashi N, Nyvad B. Caries ecology revisited: microbial dynamics and the caries process. Caries Res. 2008;42(6):409-18.Zenkner JEA, Alves LS, de Oliveira RS, Bica RH, Wagner MB, Maltz M. Influence of eruption stage and biofilm accumulation on occlusal caries in permanent molars: a generalized estimating equations logistic approach. Caries Res 2013;47(3):177-82.Carvalho JC, Ekstrand KR, Thylstrup A. Dental plaque and caries on occlusal surfaces of first permanent molars in relation to stage of eruption. J Dent Res. 1989;68(5):773-79.Carvalho JC. Caries process on occlusal surfaces evolving evidence and understanding. Caries Res 2014;48(4):339-46.Poorterman JH, Weerheijm KL, Groen HJ, Kalsbeek H. Clinical and radiographic judgement of occlusal caries in adolescents. Eur J Oral Sci 2000;108(2):93-8.Carvalho JC, Van Nieuwenhuysen JP, Maltz M. Traitement non-opératoire de la carie dentaire. Real Clin. 2004;15(3):235-48.Bertella N, Moura dos S, Alves LS, Damé-Teixeira N, Fontanella V, Maltz M. Clinical and radiographic diagnosis of underlying dark shadow from drvalhoentin (ICDAS 4) in permanent molars. Caries Res 2013;47(5):429-32.Ismail AI, Sohn W, Tellez M, Amaya A, Sen A, Hasson H et al. The International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS): an integrated system for measuring dental caries. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2007;35(3):170-78.Souza-Zaroni WC, Ciccone JC, Souza-Gabriel AE, Ramos RP, Corona SAM, Palma-Dibb RG. Validity and reproducibility of different combinations of methods for occlusal caries detection: an in vitro comparision. Caries Res. 2006;40(3):194-201.Honkala S, ElSalhy M, Shyama M, Al-Mutawa SA, Boodai H, Honkala E. Sealant versus fluoride in primary molars of kindergarten children regularly receiving fluoride varnish: one-year randomized clinical trial follow-up. Caries Res. 2015;49(4):458-66.Nyvad B, Killian M. Microbiology of the early colonization of human enamel and root surfaces in vivo. Scand J Dent Res. 1987;95(5):369-80.Okada M, Soda Y, Hayashi F, Doi T, Suzuki J, Miura K et al. Longitudinal study of dental caries incidence associated with Streptococcus mutans and Strepcoccus sobrinus in pre-school children. J Med Microbiol. 2005;54(Pt7):661-65.Loesche WJ. Role of Streptococcus mutans in human dental decay. Microbiol Rev. 1986;50(4):353-80.Carlsson P, Gandour IA, Olsson B, Rickardsson B, Abbas K. High prevalence of mutans streptococci in a population with extremely low prevalence of dental caries. Oral Microbiol Immunol. 1987;2(3):121-24.Fujiwara T, Sasada E, Mima N, Ooshima T. Caries prevalence and salivary mutans streptococci in 0-2-years-old children of Japan. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1991;19(3):151-54.Hirose H, Hirose K, Isogai E, Miura H, Ueda I. Close association between Streptococcus sobrinus in the saliva of young children and smooth-surface caries increment. Caries Res 1993; 27(4):292-97.Takahashi, K. Avaliação da microbiota bucal de mães e pares de crianças aos 6, 12, 18, 24 meses de idade e sua relação com a dieta alimentar, hábitos de higiene bucal, condição gengival, erupção dentária e prevalência de cárie dentária [tese]. Araçatuba: Universidade Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba; 2009.Silva, JZ. Aspectos clínico, radiográfico e microbiológico da pigmentação em molares decíduos sob monitoramento preventivo. Estudo longitudinal [tese]. Araçatuba: Universidade Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba; 2009.Ximénes-Fyvie LA, Haffajee AD, Socransky SS. Microbial composital of supra- and subgingival plaque in subjects with adult periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol. 2000;27(2):722-32Gibbons RJ. Bacterial adhesion to oral tissues: a model for infectious diseases. J Dent Res. 1989;68(5):750-60.Kolenbrander PE. Oral microbial communities: biofilms, interactions, and genetic systems. Annu Rev Microbiol. 2000;54:413-37.Makhija SK, Gilbert GH, Funkhouser E, Bader JD, Gordan VV, Rindal DB et al. Characteristics, detection methods and treatment of questionable occlusal carious lesions: findings from The National Dental Practice-Based Research Network. Caries Res 2014;48(3):200-7Thibodeau EA, O’Sullivan DM. Salivary mutans streptococci and caries development in the primary and mixed dentitions of children. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1999;27(6):406-12.Botelho K, Carvalho L, Maciel R, Franca C, Colares V. Clinical aspects of first permanente molars – in children between 6 and 8 years old. Odontol Clin Cient. 2011;10(2):167-71.Maddocks SE, Wright CJ, Nobbs AH, Brittan JL, Franklin L, Strömberg N et al. Streptococcus pyogenes antigen I/II-family polypeptide AspA shows differential ligand-binding properties and mediates biofilm formation. Mol Microbiol. 2011;81(4):1034-49.Meurman JH, Rytomaa I, Murtomaa H, Turtola L. Erupting thid molars and salivary lactobacilli and Streptococcus mutans counts. Scand J Dent Res 1987;95(1):32-6.Caufield PW, Li Y, Bromage TG. Hypoplasia-associated severe early childhood caries – a proposed definition. J Dent Res. 2012;91(6):544-50.Caufield PW, Schön CN, Saraithong P, Li Y, Argimón S. Oral lactobacili and dental caries: a model for niche adaptation in humans. J Dent Res. 2015;94(9 Suppl):110S-8S.Fejerskov O, Nyvad B, Kidd E. Cáries Dentárias – A doença e seu tratamento clínico. In: Fejerskov O. Patologia da cárie dentária. Rio de Janeiro: Santos; 2017. p. 44-59.Frank RM. Structural events in the caries process in enamel, cementum, and dentin. J Dent Res. 1990;69(Spec):559-66,634-36.Burt BA, Pai S. Sugar consumption and caries risk: a systematic review. J Dent Educ. 2001;65(10):1017-23.Sgan-cohen HD, Newbrun E, Huber R, Tenebaum G, Sela MN. The effect of previous diet on plaque pH response to different foods. J Dent Res. 1988;67(11):1434-37.Yang Y, Sreenivasan PK, Subramanyam R, Cummins D. Multiparameter assessments to determine the effects of sugars and antimicrobials on a polymicrobial oral biofilm. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2006;72(10):6734-42.Weiss RL, Trithart AH. Between-meal eating habits and dental caries experience in preschool children. 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Avaliação da pigmentação de sulcos e fissuras em primeiros molares permanentes