English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Mycophenolate-Mofetil (MMF) clinically used as CellCept is inserted as immunosuppressive xenobiotic drug for preventing transplantate rejection. It is well known that MMF works selectively through inhibiting the IMPDH which is an essential enzyme in the de novo pathway for biosynthesis of guanosine Nukleotides. In this study, we investigated the effects of MMF on the astrocytes, because astrocytes are important glial cells of the CNS with various functions in the healthy tissue, such as being involved in the neuronal differentiation, axonal growth and regulation of the environmental composition. They also build up the scared tissue during acute CNS lesions by releasing neurotoxic substances such as NO and different inflammatory Zytokines, e.g. IL-1ß and TNF-a, which even influence the microglial cell proliferation, migration and activity. Therefore, astrocytes are impressingly involved in the extent of the neuronal damage. Our observations revealed an influence of astrocytic proliferation dependent on the concentration of the serum (10%, 5%, 2%, 1% and serum free medium) used for the in vitro cultivation: the more the serum part in the medium the more the extent of the cell proliferation. The proliferation of astrocytes cultured in serum free medium can be increased by Corticotropin Releasing Factor (CRF) 10µM and Guanosine application. Dose-dependent MMF led to a suppression of the astrocytic proliferation which is antagonisable with Guanosine only. The number of the isolated proliferating astrocytes labeled by BrdU was significantly reduced after simultaneous treatment with serum (10% or 1%) and dose-dependent MMF (10µg/ ml, 1µg/ ml and 0,1µg/ ml) application, whereas LPS showed no effect on the proliferating rate. But, as measured by ELISA, with LPS conditioned medium contained relevant amounts of TNF-a and NO, but surprisingly not of IL-1ß. There were a significant reduction of cytokine and NO amounts determined in the astrocytic conditioned medium treated only with MMF dependent of the concentration (10µg/ml, 1µg/ml and 0,1µg/ml). Even the simultaneous treatment with LPS and MMF revealed compared to the LPS stimulated astrocytic group a measurable significant decrease of TNF-a. The treatment of the astrocytic cultures with guanosine lifted up the effects of MMF on TNF-a secretion. Therefore, we conclude, that the immunosuppressive drug MMF might have a neuroprotective and scar formation modulating effect through the antiproliferative potency on astrocytic cells and modulating character of the microenvironment by influencing the TNF-a secretion. Moreover, these regulatory effect on microglial cells are described as suppression (Hailer NP,Wirjatijana F,Roser N,Hirschebeth GT,Korf HW,Dehghani F,2001).

Effekt von Mycophenolat-Mofetil (CellCept®) auf die Zytokin-Sekretion und NO-Ausschüttung aus mit Lipopolysaccharid (LPS) stimulierte Astrozytenkultur