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: The Fargo-Moorhead Metropolitan Area Flood Risk Management Project is to include an aqueduct to carry the flow of the Maple River over a proposed diversion channel. This study quantified the amount of ice that forms in the aqueduct under different winter operating scenarios. To achieve this, this study developed an aqueduct flow and ice simulation that simulated five different operation scenarios: the proposed aqueduct alone, a case with downstream stage control, and three different cases of applied heating. Each scenario was run with 6 in., 3 in., and no insulation on the outside of the aqueduct. The flow conditions and the ice formation in the aqueduct were simulated every day for the winters of 1995 to 2013, allowing estimates to account for the natural variability of the flow and air temperature. The simulation found that, though ice formation in all scenarios caused the stages to rise, the unheated scenarios saw the largest stage rise; and the impact of the insulation in the unheated scenarios was significant. Applying heat reduced stages compared to the unheated cases, the amount of heat applied determined the decrease in the upstream stages, and insulation had less impact when heat was applied.

Development of Conceptual Designs for the Prevention of Ice Formation in the Proposed Maple River Aqueduct