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Surface electronic structures of the photoelectrodes determine the activityand efficiency of the photoelectrochemical water splitting, but the controls oftheir surface structures and interfacial chemical reactions remain challenging.Here, we use ferroelectric BiFeO3 as a model system to demonstrate an efficientand controllable water splitting reaction by large-area constructing thehydroxyls-bonded surface. The up-shift of band edge positions at this surfaceenables and enhances the interfacial holes and electrons transfer through thehydroxyl-active-sites, leading to simultaneously enhanced oxygen and hydrogenevolutions. Furthermore, printing of ferroelectric super-domains withmicroscale checkboard up/down electric fields separates the distribution ofreduction/oxidation catalytic sites, enhancing the charge separation and givingrise to an order of magnitude increase of the photocurrent. This large-areaprintable ferroelectric surface and super-domains offer an alternative platformfor controllable and high-efficient photocatalysis.

Large-area printing of ferroelectric surface and super-domains for efficient solar water splitting