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The administration of the water resources in Brazil received a great inpulse with the Federal Law 9433/97, and, in a complementary way, the states have been answering to this effort with the approval of its respective state laws. These laws bring to society a set of management instruments that may cause great impacts on its activities in a direct and/or indirect way. Many doubts and some anxiety have arised because the mentioned instrument includes the water use charging. At the Rio Grande do Sul state the Law 10.350/94 has already anticipated this possibility. This article aims to examine the User Pays Principle (UPP) a generalization of the Polluter Pays Principle (PPP) to the water resources management considering the actual perspective of its utilization based on the recently promulgated Brazilian Law. Initially the work describes the establishment of charges for the water usage. Then the UPP is examined in a certain depth considering two contexts: Cost-Benefit and CostEffectiveness. Finally, based on a recent study performed for a Brazilian river basin an application exercise is undertaken using a water taxation as a problem of cost sharing and using an equity crite-

A Política de Recursos Hídricos e o Princípio Usuário-Pagador (PUP)